Form 1116, Foreign Tax Credit (Individual, Estate, or Trust), is the IRS form used to calculate and claim a credit against U.S. tax for income tax paid to a foreign country or U.S. possession. The Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) prevents the same income from being taxed twice - once by the foreign jurisdiction and again by the United States. The credit is limited to the U.S. tax that would otherwise apply to the foreign-source income, computed separately by income category.
File Form 1116 if you're a U.S. citizen, U.S. resident alien, U.S. estate, or U.S. trust with foreign-source income and you paid (or accrued) income tax to a foreign country or U.S. possession that you want to claim as a credit instead of as an itemized deduction. There's a de minimis exception: if your only foreign tax was a passive category amount of $300 or less ($600 or less on a joint return) reported on a qualified payee statement (such as Form 1099-DIV from a mutual fund), you can claim the credit directly on Schedule 3 without filing Form 1116.
Form 1116 calculates the credit separately for each income category - and a separate Form 1116 must be filed for each category in which you have foreign tax: passive category income (dividends, interest, royalties, capital gains, rents); general category income (wages, salary, self-employment income, business income); foreign branch category income; section 951A category income (GILTI inclusions); certain income re-sourced by treaty; and lump-sum distributions. Most individual taxpayers only encounter the passive and general categories.
Unused foreign tax credit can be carried back one year and forward 10 years. You can choose between claiming the foreign tax as a credit (Form 1116) or as an itemized deduction on Schedule A - but you must apply the same treatment to all foreign taxes for the year (no mixing). The credit is almost always more valuable than the deduction because it reduces tax dollar-for-dollar. Make the election fresh each year.
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